If you’re on the road to becoming a commercial driver, there’s one important checkpoint you can’t skip: the CDL medical exam, also known as the DOT physical. It’s not just a formality — it’s required by federal law to make sure you’re physically fit to operate a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) safely.
This guide breaks down everything you need to know about CDL physical requirements, what to expect during the medical exam, how to prepare, and how to maintain your certification.
What Is the CDL Medical Exam?
The DOT (Department of Transportation) medical exam is a health screening all commercial drivers must pass to obtain or renew a CDL (Commercial Driver’s License). It’s required by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and must be performed by a FMCSA-certified medical examiner.
The goal? To ensure that commercial drivers don’t have health issues that could impair their ability to drive safely.
Who Needs a DOT Physical?
You’ll need a DOT medical exam if you:
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Drive a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,001 lbs or more
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Operate vehicles that transport hazardous materials
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Drive vehicles designed to carry more than 8 passengers for compensation (or more than 15 passengers not for compensation)
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Operate interstate commercial vehicles
In short: if you’re pursuing or renewing a CDL, this exam is required.
What Does the DOT Medical Exam Include?
The exam checks several health factors to determine your fitness for commercial driving. Here’s what the doctor will review:
1. Vision Test
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Must have at least 20/40 vision in each eye (with or without correction)
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Must have at least 70 degrees of peripheral vision in each eye
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Must be able to distinguish red, green, and amber traffic signals
2. Hearing Test
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Must be able to hear a forced whisper at 5 feet, with or without a hearing aid
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Or pass an audiometry test with a certain decibel threshold
3. Blood Pressure & Pulse
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Blood pressure must generally be under 140/90 to qualify for a 2-year certificate
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Higher blood pressure may result in a shorter certification or disqualification
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Heart rate is also checked for irregularities
4. Urinalysis
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Not a drug test (although drug testing may be required separately)
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Screens for glucose, protein, and blood — indicators of potential medical issues
5. General Physical Examination
The examiner will check for:
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Neurological function (reflexes, balance, coordination)
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Lung function and respiratory health
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Musculoskeletal issues (limb loss, mobility concerns)
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Diabetes, epilepsy, or other chronic conditions
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Mental health or substance use concerns
How Long Does the Exam Take?
The DOT physical usually takes about 30 to 45 minutes. If you pass, you’ll receive a Medical Examiner’s Certificate (MEC), also known as a DOT medical card, that is valid for up to 24 months.
What to Bring to the DOT Physical
To make your exam go smoothly, bring the following:
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A valid driver’s license
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List of current medications and dosages
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Glasses or hearing aids (if needed)
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Recent medical records for any chronic conditions
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CPAP compliance report (if you have sleep apnea)
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Medical waivers (if applicable)
Being prepared helps prevent delays or re-tests.
Disqualifying Medical Conditions
Certain conditions can disqualify you from getting your CDL, unless you receive a medical exemption:
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Uncontrolled diabetes (if not on insulin or improperly managed)
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Epilepsy or a history of seizures
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Vision or hearing impairments that don’t meet the required thresholds
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Substance abuse or use of illegal drugs
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Serious cardiovascular or respiratory issues
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Loss of a limb that affects driving ability (unless you have a skill performance evaluation waiver)
How Often Do I Need to Take the Exam?
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Most drivers get a 2-year certification if they meet all the requirements.
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If you have a condition like high blood pressure or diabetes, you may receive a 1-year or even 3-month certification that requires re-evaluation.
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You must keep your DOT card current or risk CDL suspension.
What Happens If You Fail?
Failing the medical exam doesn’t mean you can never drive. In some cases, you may:
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Return with updated medical documentation
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Apply for a medical waiver from the FMCSA
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Manage the condition (e.g., lower blood pressure, control blood sugar) and retake the exam
Your examiner will guide you on your options.
Pro Tips for Passing Your DOT Physical
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Stay hydrated but avoid caffeine right before your exam (it can raise your blood pressure)
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Take your medications as prescribed
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Get a good night’s sleep before your appointment
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Bring proof of any medical conditions being managed
Final Thoughts
The CDL medical exam might seem like a hurdle, but it’s really about protecting you and everyone else on the road. By ensuring you’re physically and mentally fit, the DOT helps keep trucking safe and professional.
So if you’re planning to start your career in trucking — or keep rolling — make sure you’re ready for your CDL physical. Take care of your health, get your paperwork in order, and you’ll be in and out with that DOT card in no time.
Safe travels — and see you out on the road! ️